📍 Setting

Setting refers to the place, time, environment, or atmosphere of a story. It often acts like an additional character, reflecting the mood or personality of characters.

🔍 Symbolism

Symbolism occurs when objects, places, or ideas represent deeper meanings.
📌 For example, a repeated building in a novel may symbolize power, oppression, or freedom.

⏳ Foreshadowing

Foreshadowing is the use of hints or clues to suggest events that will happen later in the story. It creates suspense and anticipation.

⏪ Flashback

A flashback interrupts the present narrative to show events from the past that influence the present actions or characters.

👁️ First-Person Narrator

The story is told by a character inside the story, often the protagonist.

🔑 Features:

• Uses I, me, my, we

• Subjective and personal

• Limited to the narrator’s knowledge

👀 Third-Person (Omniscient) Narrator

This narrator is an all-knowing outsider who knows the thoughts, emotions, and actions of all characters.

📌 It is:

• More objective

• More reliable

• Common in novels

🎭 Flat Characterization

A flat character is one-dimensional and does not change throughout the story. Such characters are predictable and often represent stereotypes.

📌 Examples:
Clowns, jesters, or minor background characters.

🧩 Round Character

A round character is complex and fully developed. They grow, change, and surprise the reader as the story progresses.

📌 Most protagonists are round characters.

🕊️ Allegory

An allegory is a symbolic narrative where characters and events represent deeper moral, religious, or political meanings.

📌 Example:
Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan, which represents a spiritual journey of human life.

POEM: Hearty Garlands – S.O.H. Afriyie-Vidza